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Regione Toscana
Tuscany harbours the classic landscapes of Italy, familiar from Renaissance paintings and TV travel shows alike, with their backdrop of medieval hill-towns, rows of slender cypress trees, vineyards and olive groves, and artfully sited villas and farmhouses. It's a picture that has long held an irresistible attraction for northern Europeans. The expat's perspective may be distorted, but Tuscany is indeed the essence of Italy in many ways. The national language evolved from Tuscan dialect, a supremacy ensured by Dante, who wrote the Divine Comedy in the vernacular of his birthplace, Florence, and Tuscan writers such as Petrarch and Boccaccio.
But what makes this area pivotal to the culture of Italy and all of Europe is the Renaissance, which fostered painting, sculpture and architecture that comprise an intrinsic part of a Tuscan tour. The very name by which we refer to this extraordinarily creative era was coined by a Tuscan, Giorgio Vasari, who wrote in the sixteenth century of the "rebirth" of the arts. Florence was the most active centre of the Renaissance, flourishing principally through the all-powerful patronage of the Medici dynasty. Every eminent artistic figure from Giotto onwards - Masaccio, Brunelleschi, Alberti, Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo - is represented here, in an unrivalled gathering of churches, galleries and museums.
Interactive map of ToscanaGray dotted lines indicate the region's borders
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Few people react entirely positively to Florence's crowds and its rather draining commercialism. Siena provokes less ambiguous responses. This is one of the great medieval cities of Europe, almost perfectly preserved, and with superb works of art in its religious and secular buildings. Its beautiful Campo - the central, scallop-shaped market square - is the scene, too, of Tuscany's one unmissable festival, the Palio, which sees bareback horse-riders careering around the cobbles amid the brightest display of pageantry this side of Rome. Other major cities, Pisa and Lucca, provide convenient entry points to the region, either by air (via Pisa's airport) or along the coastal rail route from Genoa. Arezzo serves as the classic introduction to Tuscany if you're approaching from the south (Rome) or east (Perugia). All three have their splendours - Pisa its Leaning Tower, Lucca a string of Romanesque churches, Arezzo an outstanding fresco cycle by Piero della
Francesca.
Tucked away to the west and south of Siena are dozens of small hill-towns that, for many, epitomize the region. San Gimignano is the best-known, and is worth visiting as much for its spectacular array of frescoes as for its much-photographed bristle of medieval tower-houses, though it's now a little too popular for its own good. Montepulciano, Pienza and Cortona are each superbly located and dripping with atmosphere, but the best candidates for a Tuscan hill-town escape are little-mentioned places such as Volterra, Massa Maríttima or Pitigliano, in each of which tourism has yet to undermine local character.
If the Tuscan countryside has a fault, it's the popularity that its seductiveness has brought, and you may find lesser-known sights proving most memorable - remote monasteries like Monte Oliveto Maggiore, the sulphur spa of Bagno Vignoni, or the striking open-air art gallery of the Tarot Garden. The one area where Tuscany fails to impress is its over-developed coast, with uninspired beach-umbrella compounds filling every last scrap of sand. The Tuscan islands have rather more going for them - Elba may be a victim of its own allure, but the smaller islands such as Giglio and Capraia retain a tranquil isolation.
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Recommended book
 
Authentic Tuscany
Travelers looking for the "true essence" of Italy need look no further than the Authentic Italy series from the Touring Club of Italy. This guidebook offers a uniquely Italian perspective on the region of Tuscany that only TCI, with more than 100 years of experience providing reliable information to travelers, can provide. With detailed maps, Authentic Tuscany includes everything readers need to discover the delights of Tuscany at their own pace. The subject-keyed design allows readers to quickly scan daily activities and focus in on their particular location. Illustrated throughout with graphics, maps, and photos from the extensive TCI archives, this book rates restaurants, hotels, B&Bs, villa rentals, spas, and retreats; explores food/regional specialties, with profiles on each category; suggests one-, two-, and three-day itineraries, emphasizing walking tours, special interest tours (wineries, olive oil, ceramics), and biking routes; outlines an array of shopping options, covering local artisans and handicrafts, markets (antiques, flea markets, craft fairs), outlets, and factory tours; and includes a calendar listing musical, cultural, and food festivals and events.
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